高中英语丨2021年高考英语完形填空解题技巧！

通过文化背景解题

完形填空的语篇信息常渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识。有些选项的设置与文化背景相关，这就要求考生有较宽的知识面，同时要具备一定的文化意识，特别是要有对英语国家文化的敏感性和鉴别力，只有这样才能既快速又准确地解题。

通过复现词解题

这类题多为同义词、近义词和反义词的复现或同义词、近义词和反义词的异形的复现。这类试题主要是考查考生的整体篇章意识和对上下文的推断能力。

【典例】In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies. Not all of these __1__ are the friendly, people－loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folk tales they are __2__ and cause much human suffering.

1．A. babies B. Beliefs C. fairies D. supermen

2．A. powerful B. Cruel C. frightened D. extraordinary

【分析】　1.C　根据空前的”a belief in fairies”可知，此处选C。属于原词的复现。

2．B　根据空格后的”suffering”可知，此处选B。属于异形近义词的复现。

通过瞻前信息解题

该解法要求重点联系空前的信息。这种情况多出现在文章展开之后，这时前文已经含有丰富的语境信息，它们可能和后面的设空处有逻辑的或语境的联系，这样空前的信息就成为解题的根据。解题时一定要善于捕捉这些重要的信息。

【典例】That's especially impressive, ____1(since) she is legally blind, born with a rare condition that causes her eyes to shift constantly. She often sees double and can't __2(tell) how far away things are.

When she was little, her mom__3(noticed) that even though she couldn't see __4__， she was fearless.

4．A. deeply B. Well C. ahead D. closely

【分析】　B　根据上文中的”she is legally blind”和”She often sees double and can't __2(tell) how far away things are”可知，她的视力不好。

通过顾后信息解题

完形填空在命题的过程中，上下文情节的发展都会有这样或那样的关系，这些关系是选择正确选项的重要根据，考生需要依据空格后的相关信息，做出正确的选择。

【典例】For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about __43(playing) with their new toys. But their __44__ soon wears off and by January those __45(same) toys can be found put away in the basement.

44．A. confidence B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow

【分析】　B　confidence”信心”；interest”兴趣”；anxiety”焦虑”；sorrow”悲伤”。根据空格后的”those __45(same)__ toys...in the basement”可知，那些他们曾经很喜欢的玩具都被放在地下室里了。故此处表示他们对新玩具的兴趣逐渐消失了。

通过逻辑关系解题

逻辑连接词在文中起着衔接与连贯的重要作用，可以表达文中的因果、转折等逻辑关系。这种题型是高考中的难点，因为它需要考生有较强的逻辑判断能力以及对文章的整体把握能力。

【典例】All went well that first week. When Saturday night came, I was luckily given the tables not far from the kitchen. __1__， I still felt it a little hard to carry the heavy trays.

1．A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Finally

【分析】　B　根据空格前的”luckily”和空格后的”I still felt it a little hard”可知，前后为转折关系。therefore”因此”；however”然而”；otherwise”否则”；finally”最后”。根据语境可知选B项。

通过固定搭配解题

在英语学习中，掌握词组和短语的用法十分重要。高考完形填空的命题中，通常会涉及固定短语的搭配，如动词短语、介词短语等，考生需要运用所学词汇知识，结合综合语用能力对相关试题进行突破。

【典例】　But Charlotte had been practising without a licence. She had __34__ a doctor's licence in both Montreal and Winnipeg...

34．A. put away B. taken over

C. turned in D. applied for

【分析】　D　根据第一句Charlotte的诊所一直是无证营业可知，此处表示她一直在申请(applied for)行医执照。put away”将……收起，把……放回原处”，take over”接管”，turn in”上交”，均不符合语境。

通过生活常识解题

完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文，这些文章都贴近考生的生活，这样就会涉及对生活常识的考查，所以在解题时，考生需要根据生活常识选出答案。

【典例】They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently, and we lay__43__ in the dark until the winds died away.

43．A. shaking B. Quarrelling C. mourning D. aching

【分析】　A　根据语境可知，此处表示作者一家人在车上躺着，人随着卡车在晃动，因此选A表示”摇动，(使)颤动”。

通过语法分析解题

对语法基础知识的考查也是完形填空题的重要命题角度。对于这种题，要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点、句子成分等进行分析，从而迅速解决问题。

【典例】__1__ do you suppose he asked for them?

1．A. What B. How C. Who D. Which

【分析】　B　本题中，do you suppose为插入成分。he asked for them是一个相对独立和完整的句子，因此空格处应该用副词How来修饰谓语动词asked，而不能用代词What, Who或Which。