罗隐是晚唐诗人，相貌丑陋，参加了十多次进士试，全部铩羽而归，史称“十上不第”。
克莱因瓶是一个不可定向的二维紧流形，而球面或轮胎面是可 克莱因瓶 克莱因瓶 定向的二维紧流形。如果观察克莱因瓶，有一点似乎令人困惑－－ “67P/楚留莫夫-格拉希门克”彗星 [67] 在太 CHAPTER X. TOBACCO OFFERINGS. 1808. It was a beautiful moonlight evening in August. A shadowy haze lingered over the river, which glistened and sparkled in the moonlight. The Chief and several members of his family were seated on the beach in front of the Wigwam listening to the Honorable Joseph Papineau, who, with his son, Louis Joseph, had come up in a canoe to see the falls. The former had recently purchased from Bishop Laval the unsettled seigniory of Petit Nation, and had erected an unpretentious cottage, which he occupied during the summer months. HON. LOUIS JOSEPH PAPINEAU AND MADAME PAPINEAU. From Morgan's "Types of Canadian Women" (copyright, 1903), by permission. HON. LOUIS JOSEPH PAPINEAU AND MADAME PAPINEAU. From Morgan's "Types of Canadian Women" (copyright, 1903), by permission. "It was a lovely vision," said Mr. Papineau, who had just performed the feat of canoeing to the foot of the Chaudiere Falls for the first time. "On our return we climbed the rugged cliff on the south side, and never shall I forget the panorama that spread out before us. The sun, sinking slowly behind the Laurentian hills, had clothed himself with a robe of splendor. The long reflections lay soft on the waters of the river below. The clouds of ascending mist from the Chaudiere took a thousand shades of color as the western sky faded slowly from crimson into gold and from gold to green and gray, and finally displayed dark shapes, out of which imagination might well have formed a thousand monsters.* * Louis Joseph, afterwards known as the Demosthenes of Canada, and who almost succeeded in making Canada a Republic, with himself as President, was evidently much impressed with the scene, which he described as follows: "Le soleil etait pret decendre sous l'horison, la mureille tout limpide etait d'une transparence vivre, tout penetree de lumiere vaguement prismatiseé." "As we watched the gathering shadows my thoughts went back two hundred years, to the time when Champlain went on his first trip up the 'Riviere des Algoumequins,' as he called it. About two years before he took the trip he sent Nicholas de Vignan, a young Frenchman, up the river with some friendly Indians, and Nicholas had returned with the marvellous story that he had reached the North Sea. He said that the journey could be made in a few days. He also gave an account of having seen the wreck of an English ship. "Champlain was completely taken in, and lost no time in starting off to verify the discovery for which the world had been looking for some time. His fleet consisted of two canoes with two Indians and three Frenchmen, one of whom was Dg employment to over one hundred men. Fortunately for the pioneers of the Ottawa, they were not dependent upon the small revenue derived from the cultivation of the land, but had other resources which afforded them much greater remuneration. The British Navy, which hitherto had been dependent upon Russia for its cordage and lumber, had to look elsewhere for its supply of hemp and timber, owing to the ports of the Baltic having been closed to British ships. The price of hemp having risen from ￡25 to ￡118 per ton, they undertook the cultivation of it, and raised over three-fourths of the amount raised in Lower Canada at that time. The exportation of lumber and vegetable alkali, or potash, were also great sources of revenue. In the new clearances were tons of wood ashes from which the lye was extracted and boiled till it looked like molten iron, a barrel of which sold at that time for thirty dollars. Prosperity and success crowned every commercial enterprise upon which they ventured until fire swept every mill, factory and dwelling in the thriving little village out of existence, including thousands of dollars in cash in a small safe in the office, quantities of wheat, hemp, sawn lumber, laths and general merchandise. As there was no compensation in the way of insurance, the loss was much felt. Philemon Wright was not the man to be deterred from climbing the ladder of success, even though he had to mount it by the rungs of adverse circumstances. Though the loss sustained was great, almost overwhelming, he rose above it with a courage which yielded not to disappointment or failure. The cause of the fire long remained a mystery. That it was the work of an incendiary was beyond question. Various theories were advocated by the settlers, but suspicion rested upon Machecawa, who, it was alleged, had been seen by the bookkeeper at a late hour lingering about the mills, a suspicion which gained no credence with the Chief and his family.阳系的周围还包裹着一个庞大的“奥尔特云”。星云内分布着不计其数的冰块、雪团和碎石。其中的某些会受太阳引力影响飞入内太阳系，这就是彗 [76] 在超新星爆发的过程中所释放的能量，需要我们的太阳燃烧900亿年才能与之相当。[77] 超新星研究有着关乎人类自身命运的深层意义。如果一颗超新星爆发的位置非常接近地球，目前国际天文学界普遍认为此距离在100光年以内，它就能够对地球的生物圈产生明显的影响，这样的超新星被称为近地超新星。有研究认为，在地球历史上的奥陶纪大灭绝，就是一颗近地超新星引起的，这次灭绝导致当时地球近60%的海洋生物消失。[78]克莱因瓶是一个不可定向的二维紧流形，而球面或轮胎面是可 克莱因瓶 克莱因瓶 定向的二维紧流形。如果观察克莱因瓶，有一点似乎令人困惑－－克莱因瓶的瓶颈和瓶身是相交的，换句话近代科学兴起的先驱者、是捍卫科学真理并为此献身的殉道士。有另一种说法认为，近代以来关于罗马梵蒂冈的地心说和哥白尼的日心说的斗争是被严重夸大的。布鲁诺1600年遭受火刑的原因，并非因知行星围绕太阳作圆周运动。然而，人们是否能接受哥白尼提出的新的宇宙模式呢？全世界的人——尤其是权力极大的天主教会是否相信太阳是宇宙中心这一说法呢？由于害怕教会的惩罚，哥白尼在世时不敢公开他的发现。1543年，这一发现才公诸天下。即使在那个时候，哥白尼的发现还不断受到教会高无上的真理，凡是违背圣经的学说，Eighteen months passed. The Chief was in Quebec with Hannah and Abbie awaiting the arrival of Rug, who had been sent by his father to the Mother Land to dispose of two cargoes of timber. It was an unusually cold evening in June. Snow had been falling all day. The neighboring hills were covered with large feathery crystals, which, however, soon melted as the sun appeared for a moment before sinking behind the gray walls of the Castle St. Louis. Just as the evening gun was fired, news had reached the union Hotel that a vessel had been sighted near the Island of Orleans. It was ascertained that it w against a sea voyage from the time they left Liverpool. "Nor is this all," he said; "I have something better still on board for the new settlement, namely, twenty-five English families, who are going to take up land in the township and pay for it in work." "And who nearly turned mutineers," added the captain, slapping him on the shoulder, "did they not, Wright?" "How was that?" asked the Chief. "When we boarded the vessel at Liverpool," replied Rug, "some were bright and cheerful, but most of them were in tears, which showed that they did not leave the Old Land without a struggle. We soon weighed anchor and were under sail with a fair wind, but it came round to the east and blew fresher, so that we were forced to come to anchor not far from the place we left. The ship, as you may see, was fitted up for the timber trade, and has only a small cabin or quarter-deck. On each side are ranged two tiers of berths for passengers providing their own bedding. Along the open space in the middle we placed two rows of large chests which were used sometimes as tables, sometimes as seats—all of which I shall show you presently. There was much noise and confusion before all found berths; crying children, swearing sailors, scolding women, who had not been able to secure the beds they wanted, produced a chorus of a very melancholy nature. The disagreeableness of it was heightened by the darkness of the night and the rolling and a new and better country. "As we neared the banks of Newfoundland a most extraordinary phenomenon was produced by the dashing of the salt water against the bow of the ship in the evening. The water seemed on fire and produced a very fine effect. The next day a mass of ice appeared about two hundred yards distant. It was almost half a mile in length, and was moving south-east. Soon after we found the channel between Cape Breton and Cape Ray, and got into the ice. The captain sent eight men to the bow with fenders. One piece knocked splinters off the bow and threw us all down. About five days later we reached the Island of Anticosti, but I was too ill to see it. We saw porpoises in shoals plunging about the ship, while the sailors tried to harpoon them beneath the bow. About two hundred and eighty miles below Quebec the pilot came on board. His number was painted in large characters on his sail as well as on his boat. He had a cask of fresh water and some maple sugar, which he sold at an extortionate price to the passengers. "Near Bic Island we saw whales spouting water at a great height, and a habitant came out in a boat with a large basket of eggs, which he disposed of at a shilling per dozen, and so we continued on until the domes and towers of Quebec came in sight and I began to realize the inexpressible joy of being at home once more."* * Diary of Rev. Robert Bell and letters of R. Wright. Rug was a young man of great executive ability, a young man whose word could be relied upon with absolute certainty, a young man who proved himself the very soul of honor in all his business transactions.都被斥为“异端邪说”，凡是反对神权统治的人，都被处以火刑。新兴的资产阶级为自己的生存和发展，掀起了一场反对封建制度和教会迷信思想的斗争，出现了人文主义的思潮。他们使用的战斗武器，就是未被神学染污的古希腊的哲学、科学和文艺。这就是震撼欧洲的文艺复兴运动。文艺复兴首先发生于意大利，很快就扩大到波兰及欧洲其他国家。与此同时，商业的活跃也促进了对外贸易的发展。在“黄金”这个符咒的驱使下，许多欧洲冒险者远航非洲、印度及整个远东地区。远洋航行需要丰富的天文和地理知识，从实际中积累起来的观测资料，使人们感到当时流行的“地静天动”的宇宙 CHAPTER IV. AN INDIAN SUITOR. 1803. Machecawa and his friend O'Jawescawa became frequent visitors at the Wigwam. They would come in the morning, uninvited, and sit silently all day long before the open fire and observe all that was going on. The spinning-wheel and hand-loom were objects of unceasing interest to them, and though it proved a great distraction to the children in their studies, and to the girls in the performance of their domestic duties, to have them there, they were always treated not only with respect but with consideration and kindness. One morning Machecawa stood gazing intently into the fire. His face wore an expression of perplexity. At length he turned to the White Chief, who was explaining a mathematical problem to one of his boys, and said: "Big Injun, he want to speak his thoughts from books. He want to know white man's Manitou." "May I teach him, father? Just for an hour every day?" said Chrissy, a tall, fair, thoughtful girl of seventyour neck, Machecawa?" said Bearie, the second son, a short, well knit, sturdy-looking youth of eighteen, whose every expression reflected a bright, happy, generous disposition. "She am my Manitou," replied the Indian. &q39;you no eat no teeng seex days.' By em by I am dream some teeng, me, dat some teeng she am my manitou. She help me kill beeg bear; she mak dem Iroquois dogs run like one wild moose. My fadder she am pleese; she make my manitou on my arm—see!" he said, rolling up his sleeve. On his shoulder was the rude outline of a fish, which had been tatooed with sharp bones and with the juice of berries rubbed in. "But what is in the little bag?" asked Bearie. "Will you let me see it?" After a good deal of reluctance he gave in at last, and two curious boys untied the precious parcel, while the others, equally curious, looked over his shoulders at a few old broken fish bones which were all the little bag contained. "Well, old man," said Bearie, slowly replacing the sacred relics, "we put our faith in something better than that. The white man trusts the Great Spirit in heaven to care for him and to take him to heaven when he dies." "Any bear in hebben?" asked the Indian. "No," said Bearie, "only good people." "Dat hebben she am no good for big Injun," said Machecawa, sadly. "De happy hunting ground she am full of moose, buffalo, bear, beaver. She am far, far away at de end of land, where de sun she sleep—two, tree moons away. One beeg dog she am cross, an' she bark at dead Injun, but he go on, an' on, an' on, an' den he am glad." It began to dawn upon the vigilant mother at length that it was not so much the wonders of civilization nor the desire to "speak his thoughts from books" that led Machecawa day after day to the Wigwam, as an ever-increasing interest in her fun-loving daughter, Abbie, who was a year younger than Chrissy, and who seemed unconscious of the fact that the eyes of the red chief were ever upon her.学说值得怀疑，这就要求人们进一步去探索宇宙的秘密，从而推进了天文学和地理学的发展。1492年，意大利著名的航海家哥伦布发现新大陆，麦哲伦和他的同伴绕地球一周，证明地球是圆形的，使人们开始真正认识地球。[4] 对他国的影响 在教会严密控制下的中世纪，也发生过轰轰烈烈的..革命。因为天主教的很多教义不符合圣经的教诲，而加入了太多教皇的个人意志以及各类神学家的自身成果，所以很多信徒开始质疑天主教的教义和组织，发起回归圣经的行动来。捷克的爱国主义者、布拉格大学校长扬·胡斯（1369～1415年）在君士坦丁堡的..会议上公开谴责德意志封建主与天主教会对捷克的压迫和剥削。他虽然被反动教会处以火刑，但他的革命活动在社会上引起了强烈的反应。捷克农民在胡斯党人的旗帜下举行起义，这次运动也波及波兰。1517年，在德国，马丁·路德（1483～1546年）反对教会贩卖赎罪符，与罗马教皇公开决裂。1521年，路德又在沃尔姆国会上揭露罗马教廷的罪恶，并提出建立基督教新教的主张。新教的教义得到许多国家的支持，波兰也深受影响。
就是这样一位最丑最倒霉的唐代诗人，却写了一首最旷达的诗作，最后14个字成朋友圈金句。旷达、及时行乐是现代人主要的生活态度，所以，“今朝有酒今朝醉，明日愁来明日愁”成为朋友圈出现频率最高的诗句之一。罗隐曾向宰相郑畋【tián】投诗，郑畋有一个女儿，容貌美丽，爱吟咏诗词。当她读到罗隐的“张华谩出如丹语，不及刘侯一纸书”时，非常喜欢，心中对罗隐很是倾慕，日思夜想，着魔一般。有一天，罗隐忽然来拜见郑畋，郑小姐就在帘子后面偷看，当她看到罗隐迂腐丑陋的面容后，就再也没有吟咏罗隐的诗了。
从日思夜想到弃之不顾，这可能是唐代的“见光死”吧，可见罗隐确实长得不大好看！要知道，唐代是非常重姿容的，面容端正，风流倜傥的人，更易得到推荐和青睐。盛唐贤相张九龄，风姿非凡，张九龄去世后，别人推荐接替他的人选，唐玄宗总要问一句：新相人选风度比张九龄如何呀？
和唐代的许多士子一样，罗隐也想借助科举考试踏入仕途，一展胸中大志。可是，罗隐连考了七年，都榜上无名，后来又后来又断断续续考了几年，总共考了十多次，虽然屡败屡战，但最终还是铩羽而归，自称“十二三年就试期”，史称“十上不第”。想象一下，如果你高考考了十次，十次落榜，这是一个多么大的打击呀！相貌丑陋，不为世人所喜，数十次参考科举，却屡屡落第，十几年的蹉跎岁月，足以摧毁一个人。有一年，罗隐遇见了多年前曾经相交过的妓女云英，彼时，分开了十余年，云英依然是孤独一人，而罗隐依然还是一介布衣，万千感慨之下，他写下一首诗：
一句“我未成名卿未嫁，可能俱是不如人”道尽多年来的人生无望的无奈与感慨，让人心酸落泪。长时间的失意，让罗隐心灰意冷，他化进取为愤怒，视功名如烟云，常常以激愤的心情、锐利的笔锋揭露现实的丑恶，批判政治的腐败，抒发胸中的愤懑。面对人生的不如意，他愤恨，却又无可奈何，只得自己宽慰自己：今朝有酒今朝醉，明日愁来明日愁。
看上去，这是及时行乐的生活态度，可是，如果只顾眼前，不论未来，往往会遭遇自甘堕落的沉沦。令人无奈的是，罗隐生活在晚唐五代时期，这是一个希望缺失的年代，政权不断更迭，战乱频仍，而罗隐也几经沉沦，就算他付出了千倍百倍的努力，也只能换得一事无成的结局。于是，他写下“今朝有酒今朝醉，明日愁来明日愁”，这不失为一种豁达，一种对时代悲剧无奈的自嘲，不管明天如何，至少今天有酒，也就足够了。时光流转，罗隐走了一千多年，而他的这句诗却越来越多的被人想起，因为不管时光如何流传，悲欢离合、喜怒哀乐一直是人间的主题，从未离开过。只愿我们在面对人生的悲剧时，亦能如罗隐一般自嘲，如他一般豁达。
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